The Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic was the presiding officer of that assembly. It is not to be confused with the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic; he was the head of state.
Below is a list of the office-holders:
| Legislature | Began | Ended | Chairman | Entered office | Left office |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st Supreme Soviet of the ESSR[1] | August 25, 1940 | February 16, 1947 | Voldemar Sassi | August 25, 1940 | July 1941 |
| 2nd Supreme Soviet of the ESSR | February 19, 1947 | February 19, 1951 | August Kründel | March 5, 1947 | 1951 |
| 3rd Supreme Soviet of the ESSR | February 25, 1951 | February 27, 1955 | August Kründel | March 27, 1951 | January 14, 1953 |
| Otto Merimaa | January 14, 1953 | February 27, 1955 | |||
| 4th Supreme Soviet of the ESSR | March 4, 1955 | March 4, 1959 | Joosep Saat | April 5, 1955 | March 4, 1959 |
| 5th Supreme Soviet of the ESSR | March 15, 1959 | March 17, 1963 | Harald Ilves | April 23, 1959 | March 17, 1963 |
| 6th Supreme Soviet of the ESSR | March 17, 1963 | March 19, 1967 | Vaino Väljas | April 18, 1963 | April 20, 1967 |
| 7th Supreme Soviet of the ESSR | March 19, 1967 | June 13, 1971 | Arnold Koop | April 20, 1967 | December 18, 1968 |
| Ilmar Vahe | December 18, 1968 | 1971 | |||
| 8th Supreme Soviet of the ESSR | June 13, 1971 | June 15, 1975 | Ilmar Vahe | July 13, 1971 | June 15, 1975 |
| 9th Supreme Soviet of the SSR | June 15, 1975 | February 24, 1980 | Johannes Lott | July 4, 1975 | December 14, 1978 |
| Jüri Suurhans | December 14, 1978 | 1980 | |||
| 10th Supreme Soviet of the ESSR | February 24, 1980 | February 24, 1985 | Jüri Suurhans | March 28, 1980 | July 5, 1982 |
| Matti Pedak | July 5, 1982 | March 26, 1985 | |||
| 11th Supreme Soviet of the ESSR | February 24, 1985 | March 18, 1990 | Valde Roosmaa | March 27, 1985 | May 18, 1989 |
| Enn-Arno Sillari | May 18, 1989 | March 18, 1990 | |||
| 12th Supreme Soviet of the ESSR [2] | March 23, 1990 | September 29, 1992 | Arnold Rüütel (chairman) | March 29, 1990 | October 6, 1992 |
| Ülo Nugis (speaker) | March 29, 1990 | October 6, 1992 |